Additional Resources
1. http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/france-country-profile.html
This website is reliable because it is providing more information about France's culture, customs, and etiquette. This website is presented
very organized and is broken up into different sections. Talks about statistics , the climate, the population, religion, and language. As well its culture and society. For instant food, family values, customs, and different etiquette which is very important to the French. I found the etiquette information the most interesting on this website. It talks about meeting, gift giving , dining , table , and business etiquette the French value. It is very informative information that I believe you will find interesting !
2. http://french.lovetoknow.com/French_Traditions
This website also provides more detail information about France's Tradition. It talks about food tradition the famous bread like the baguette. It talks about the different holidays they celebrate here in the country. Some are religious since majority of the French are Catholic, wedding traditions, and important events that happened for example Bastille Day which is celebrating the French Revolution. It also provides some information about the art and films tradition which is very big in this country. This website provides more information about Frances society and entertainment culture.
MAP
The Wines of South West France (map) | Wine Folly. (2014, February 24). Retrieved February 26, 2015, from http://winefolly.com/review/wines-of-southwest-france/
1. http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/france-country-profile.html
This website is reliable because it is providing more information about France's culture, customs, and etiquette. This website is presented
very organized and is broken up into different sections. Talks about statistics , the climate, the population, religion, and language. As well its culture and society. For instant food, family values, customs, and different etiquette which is very important to the French. I found the etiquette information the most interesting on this website. It talks about meeting, gift giving , dining , table , and business etiquette the French value. It is very informative information that I believe you will find interesting !
2. http://french.lovetoknow.com/French_Traditions
This website also provides more detail information about France's Tradition. It talks about food tradition the famous bread like the baguette. It talks about the different holidays they celebrate here in the country. Some are religious since majority of the French are Catholic, wedding traditions, and important events that happened for example Bastille Day which is celebrating the French Revolution. It also provides some information about the art and films tradition which is very big in this country. This website provides more information about Frances society and entertainment culture.
MAP
The Wines of South West France (map) | Wine Folly. (2014, February 24). Retrieved February 26, 2015, from http://winefolly.com/review/wines-of-southwest-france/
Statistics
Category Statistic
Religion Roman Catholic : 83-88%, Protestant: 2%, Jewish: 1% , Muslim: 5-10%
Population 66,259,012 (Compared to the world)
Birth Rate 12.49 births /1,000 population (2014)
Death Rate 9.06 deaths/1,000 population (2014)
Fertility Rate 2.08 children born/women (2014)
Land Use (distribution to people)Arable Land : 33.45%
Permanent Crops : 1.86 %
Religion Roman Catholic : 83-88%, Protestant: 2%, Jewish: 1% , Muslim: 5-10%
Population 66,259,012 (Compared to the world)
Birth Rate 12.49 births /1,000 population (2014)
Death Rate 9.06 deaths/1,000 population (2014)
Fertility Rate 2.08 children born/women (2014)
Land Use (distribution to people)Arable Land : 33.45%
Permanent Crops : 1.86 %
Changes over a period of time
Chart Analysis
Figure 1 and Figure 2 are showing the changes of life expectancy in France during two different time periods. Figure 1 showed that people in France during the 1820's did not live that long. People lived to be about 39 years old. That clearly showed that back in time they did not have enough resources to live for a very long time. People would get ill from diseases and did not have medicine or technology to cure them. As well as , in Figure 3 it shows the the fertility rate in France during the 1800's was about 4.4 %. Women having children back in time was dangerous since they did not have the tools we have now to have children. It was not sanitary and Women get infections that would be fatal. Figure 2 shows in recent time that people in France live up to the age of 82. In 2013, we have modern advanced technology as well as resources that help people in France live longer. Figure 4 showed an decrease in the fertility rate. Traditionally , French people do not have that much children. Average family size in France is about 2 children. That is because the French take their roles as caregivers very serious and to be economically stable.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 are showing the changes of life expectancy in France during two different time periods. Figure 1 showed that people in France during the 1820's did not live that long. People lived to be about 39 years old. That clearly showed that back in time they did not have enough resources to live for a very long time. People would get ill from diseases and did not have medicine or technology to cure them. As well as , in Figure 3 it shows the the fertility rate in France during the 1800's was about 4.4 %. Women having children back in time was dangerous since they did not have the tools we have now to have children. It was not sanitary and Women get infections that would be fatal. Figure 2 shows in recent time that people in France live up to the age of 82. In 2013, we have modern advanced technology as well as resources that help people in France live longer. Figure 4 showed an decrease in the fertility rate. Traditionally , French people do not have that much children. Average family size in France is about 2 children. That is because the French take their roles as caregivers very serious and to be economically stable.
Religion in France
In France there is different religions practice in this country. For instance, 2% of the population as of now are Protestant, 1% Jewish, 5-10% Muslim, and 83-88% are Catholic. (International Statistics at Nation Master 2003-2015) The major religion practice in France is Roman Catholic. Roman Catholic is originally from Rome, Italy. Originated by the Roman-Latin Empire and was formed in the first to fifth century C.E. Vatican and Vatican City is found in Rome, Italy. Vatican City is its own separate state in Rome, which serves as a religious center for the Roman Catholic Church. It is also the home of a very important religious figure the Pope (head of church) and other important religious leaders met there for business regarding the church. In the sixteen century in Respond to the Protestant Reformation the church was involved in the Counter-Reformation. After this reformation, Catholicism was adapted all over the world and into Europe. Even though during this time in Europe people becoming Protestant was increasing. Protestant in France rejected Catholicism. (Religion in France 2003-2014) As of today, in France majority of the population is Roman Catholic.
Religion influences a major role in French culture during medieval time. In France, majority of their buildings are built traditionally Catholic. In the country, there are big cathedrals and small churches. The big cathedrals have beautiful stain glass windows of important religious figures. Most French music were written for and performed in churches. A lot of the French literature was written for celebration of Christian faith. French literature was written in the perspectives of Catholic views. Art in France has been also influenced by Catholicism. (Religion in France 2003-2014) During the 18th century there was this period called the age of Enlightenment. During this time you had French thinkers like Rousseau and Voltaire who began to question Christian theology. Voltaire believed religion was more or a personal matter and should not be organized by churches. (Religion in France 200113-2014) The French Revolution tried to replace Christianity to something new but it did not work. Catholicism still continued to influence art and literature in the 19th century. Until, secularism was passed which is France biggest beliefs. Everyone could believe in any religion they choose to and would be equal before law. The French do celebrate some religious holidays if they do practice Catholicism, for instance Good Friday. Also they attend mass in the well-known cathedral called Notre Dame.
A sacred place that is not located in France is the famous Vatican located in Rome, Italy. Where the famous headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church and where the Pope lives. Another sacred place located in France is a place called Lourdes, which is located in Hautes- Pyrenees. In Lourdes they have the most popular Catholic shrines in the world. For instant, the Grotto of Massabielle which is the holiest place in Lourdes. Also, found here is the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes. Located in Paris there is the famous cathedral called Notre Dame. It is the most visited church in France and mass is offer there. (Sacred Destinations 2005-2015)
There is connections between the government and the different religions in France. The government in France is Republic, but make sure to grant the rights to the people of France. During the 18th century religion was ruled upon the people in the country and Catholicism empowered France. Until a law passed that granted people the religion freedom. In 1905 a law passed granting separation between churches and state. France became a secular country and grants people the right to practice any religion they want to. It also grants equality of ones beliefs before the state of law. Secularism is a French invention and is an essential principle of the republic. During the 20th century secularism became part of the constitution. (Secularism and Religious Freedom)
Overall, today in France the main religion practice is Roman Catholic. The religion has influenced many of the architecture and culture in France. For instance, all the big cathedrals in the country. Other religions are practice in France as well. Their beliefs and religion freedom is protected through secularism. I am glad that in France they fought for their freedom of their religious practices. Also I enjoyed to learn that even though Catholicism is the major religion other religions are practice here in the country. Lastly, I find it interesting that back in time they tried replacing Catholicism, but yet it is the major religion in France.
References
Countries Compared by Religion Religions. International Statistics at NationMaster.com. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2015, from http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Religion/Religions
Roman Catholicism. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/denominations/catholicism.htm
Religion in France. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://about-france.com/religion.htm
Secularism and religious freedom. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://www.france.fr/en/institutions-and-values/secularism-and-religious-freedom.html
Library. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://www.patheos.com/Library/Roman-Catholicism.html
Public Holidays. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/DF_holidays.shtml
(n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://www.sacred-destinations.com/france/lourdes
In France there is different religions practice in this country. For instance, 2% of the population as of now are Protestant, 1% Jewish, 5-10% Muslim, and 83-88% are Catholic. (International Statistics at Nation Master 2003-2015) The major religion practice in France is Roman Catholic. Roman Catholic is originally from Rome, Italy. Originated by the Roman-Latin Empire and was formed in the first to fifth century C.E. Vatican and Vatican City is found in Rome, Italy. Vatican City is its own separate state in Rome, which serves as a religious center for the Roman Catholic Church. It is also the home of a very important religious figure the Pope (head of church) and other important religious leaders met there for business regarding the church. In the sixteen century in Respond to the Protestant Reformation the church was involved in the Counter-Reformation. After this reformation, Catholicism was adapted all over the world and into Europe. Even though during this time in Europe people becoming Protestant was increasing. Protestant in France rejected Catholicism. (Religion in France 2003-2014) As of today, in France majority of the population is Roman Catholic.
Religion influences a major role in French culture during medieval time. In France, majority of their buildings are built traditionally Catholic. In the country, there are big cathedrals and small churches. The big cathedrals have beautiful stain glass windows of important religious figures. Most French music were written for and performed in churches. A lot of the French literature was written for celebration of Christian faith. French literature was written in the perspectives of Catholic views. Art in France has been also influenced by Catholicism. (Religion in France 2003-2014) During the 18th century there was this period called the age of Enlightenment. During this time you had French thinkers like Rousseau and Voltaire who began to question Christian theology. Voltaire believed religion was more or a personal matter and should not be organized by churches. (Religion in France 200113-2014) The French Revolution tried to replace Christianity to something new but it did not work. Catholicism still continued to influence art and literature in the 19th century. Until, secularism was passed which is France biggest beliefs. Everyone could believe in any religion they choose to and would be equal before law. The French do celebrate some religious holidays if they do practice Catholicism, for instance Good Friday. Also they attend mass in the well-known cathedral called Notre Dame.
A sacred place that is not located in France is the famous Vatican located in Rome, Italy. Where the famous headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church and where the Pope lives. Another sacred place located in France is a place called Lourdes, which is located in Hautes- Pyrenees. In Lourdes they have the most popular Catholic shrines in the world. For instant, the Grotto of Massabielle which is the holiest place in Lourdes. Also, found here is the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes. Located in Paris there is the famous cathedral called Notre Dame. It is the most visited church in France and mass is offer there. (Sacred Destinations 2005-2015)
There is connections between the government and the different religions in France. The government in France is Republic, but make sure to grant the rights to the people of France. During the 18th century religion was ruled upon the people in the country and Catholicism empowered France. Until a law passed that granted people the religion freedom. In 1905 a law passed granting separation between churches and state. France became a secular country and grants people the right to practice any religion they want to. It also grants equality of ones beliefs before the state of law. Secularism is a French invention and is an essential principle of the republic. During the 20th century secularism became part of the constitution. (Secularism and Religious Freedom)
Overall, today in France the main religion practice is Roman Catholic. The religion has influenced many of the architecture and culture in France. For instance, all the big cathedrals in the country. Other religions are practice in France as well. Their beliefs and religion freedom is protected through secularism. I am glad that in France they fought for their freedom of their religious practices. Also I enjoyed to learn that even though Catholicism is the major religion other religions are practice here in the country. Lastly, I find it interesting that back in time they tried replacing Catholicism, but yet it is the major religion in France.
References
Countries Compared by Religion Religions. International Statistics at NationMaster.com. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2015, from http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Religion/Religions
Roman Catholicism. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/denominations/catholicism.htm
Religion in France. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://about-france.com/religion.htm
Secularism and religious freedom. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://www.france.fr/en/institutions-and-values/secularism-and-religious-freedom.html
Library. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://www.patheos.com/Library/Roman-Catholicism.html
Public Holidays. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/DF_holidays.shtml
(n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http://www.sacred-destinations.com/france/lourdes
Images of Religion in France
This is the Vatican in Rome, Italy. Where the Roman Catholic Church is at and home of the Pope. Important meetings are held here with the Pope and other religious leaders.
http://lds.net/blog/buzz/lds-news/upcoming-events/vatican-host-world-religion-meeting-discuss-marriage-president-eyring-speak/#.VREny_nF-So
Common Food In France
There are a lot of foods in France that are very popular and well known to the world. Food is a big part of Frances culture. Some common things that are eaten is there aged cheeses. The cheeses in France are very popular and there is over 500 different kinds! Interesting fact that an average person in France consumes about 45 pounds of cheese per year! That is a lot of cheese !! Different types of meats are common as well and eaten with dipping sauces or mustard's. As well as, their many French breads like a baguette. Also, the country is well known for their many different pastries like sweet bread and crepes. Of course we all know that France is the country of wine and they drink wine with all of their meals. France produces a lot of its food. Since the soil is very fertile the country produces fresh fruits , veggies, grains , herbs and meats all year round. That is why the foods I mentioned right above are common. |
|
Popular Main Dish : Coq au Vin
About the Dish : Coq au Vin is a very popular and authentic French Dish. It literally means "Rooster in Wine" , but it is actually chicken in wine. Very interesting fact about the name of this dish is that even though the dish consists of chicken it's called Coq (rooster). The reason behind this is it indicates its peasant origin. Rooster meat is much more tougher and requires more time to cook it. Chicken is softer , can be cook more faster, and still manage to taste delicious. Low income families back in time were able to use chicken more often and this dish consist of ingredients that were inexpensive for these families. King Louis IV , said "A chicken in every pot" meaning that he promised general welfare for peasants and up. This dish was simple yet inexpensive for all the people. It is a stew with chicken , veggies , and wine. Stews were fed to peasants back in time for not being expensive to make and be able to fill them up. Currently , Coq au Vin is still a well known dish that is eaten by the French.
Recipe
Julia Child a famous French chef would cook this a lot on the TV show "The French Chef" and is a dish she put in her cookbook. Below is Julia's recipe of Coq au Vin.
INGREDIENTS
DIRECTIONS
Read more at http://leitesculinaria.com/5399/recipes-julia-child-coq-au-vin.html#Apl3voD5KyEmc2ac.99
Religion & Food
Since France is a religious country there are certain foods eaten during religious holidays. For example, during the end of Christmas dinners the French end with a dessert called "Buche de Noel" which is a "Yule Log". It is a cake shaped as a wooden log indicating a traditional custom. The French light up a log during Christmas morning. The first Sunday of January is a Christian Holiday , Epiphany which is , the celebration of the three kings visiting baby Jesus. Another dessert they prepare for this is called "La Galette des Rois" known as the King Cake. There would be a plastic toy inside the cake and who ever found it was able to be King or Queen and where the golden crown for the day. Also Religion impacts what you can and cannot eat. During lent Catholics do not eat any meat on Friday's and can only eat fish. Muslims do not eat Pork only if it is prepared in a certain way. Lastly, on Fete de Chandeluer which is , when Jesus was at his temples many French eat crepes during this time.
Recipe
Julia Child a famous French chef would cook this a lot on the TV show "The French Chef" and is a dish she put in her cookbook. Below is Julia's recipe of Coq au Vin.
INGREDIENTS
- 1/2 cup lardons (or very thick-cut bacon), cut into 1/4- by 1 1/2-inch strips (optional)
- 2 or more tablespoons olive oil
- 3 1/2 to 4 1/2 pounds chicken, cut into parts (or all of one kind of part), thoroughly dried
- 1/4 cup Cognac or Armagnac
- Salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 1 bay leaf
- 1/4 teaspoon dried thyme
- 20 small white onions, peeled
- 3 tablespoons flour
- 2 cups red wine, preferably Burgundy, Côtes du Rhône, or Pinot Noir
- About 2 cups brown homemade chicken stock, or beef stock
- 1 or 2 garlic cloves, mashed or minced
- About 1 tablespoon tomato paste
- 3/4 pound fresh mushrooms, trimmed, washed, and quartered
DIRECTIONS
- 1. To make the Coq Au Vin on your stovetop, if you’re using lardons or bacon, sauté them in 2 tablespoons oil in a heavy-bottomed casserole until lightly browned, about 2 minutes. Transfer the pork to a side dish, leaving the drippings in the pan. (Otherwise, coat the casserole with 1/8 inch of olive oil.)
- 2. Heat the drippings or oil in the pan over medium-high heat. Add the chicken, before careful not to crowd the pan. (You may need to work in batches). Cook the chicken, turning frequently, until nicely browned on all sides. Carefully pour the Cognac or Armagnac into the pan, let it become bubbling hot, and then, if desired–and if you’re brave–ignite the sauce with a match. Let it flame for a minute, tilting the pan by its handle and swirling the sauce to burn off alcohol. To extinguish the flames, simply cover the pan with its lid.
- 3. Season the chicken pieces with salt and pepper. Add the bay leaf and thyme to the pan and place the onions around the chicken. Cover and simmer gently, turning the chicken once, for about 10 minutes.
- 4. Uncover the pan, sprinkle the flour over everything, and turn the chicken and onions so the flour is absorbed by the sauce. Cover and cook, turning once or twice, for 3 to 4 minutes more.
- 5. Remove the pan from the heat and gradually stir and swirl in the wine and enough stock or bouillon to almost cover the chicken. Add the lardons or bacon, garlic, tomato paste, and mushrooms to the pan, cover, and gently simmer for 25 to 30 minutes. Test the chicken for doneness (there should be no trace of pink and the juices should run clear when the meat is pierced with a knife) and remove those pieces that are ready. Continue to cook the rest of the chicken a few minutes longer. If the onions are not quite tender, continue cooking them in the sauce, then return the chicken to the pan, add the mushrooms, and simmer 4 to 5 minutes. The sauce should be just thick enough to lightly coat the chicken and vegetables. If it is too thin, boil it down rapidly to concentrate; if it is too thick, thin it with spoonfuls of stock or bouillon. Taste the sauce carefully, and correct the seasoning accordingly. Serve immediately or let cool, cover, and refrigerate overnight. To reheat, skim any fat that has congealed on the surface of the stew and place the pan of coq au vin over medium-low heat.
Read more at http://leitesculinaria.com/5399/recipes-julia-child-coq-au-vin.html#Apl3voD5KyEmc2ac.99
Religion & Food
Since France is a religious country there are certain foods eaten during religious holidays. For example, during the end of Christmas dinners the French end with a dessert called "Buche de Noel" which is a "Yule Log". It is a cake shaped as a wooden log indicating a traditional custom. The French light up a log during Christmas morning. The first Sunday of January is a Christian Holiday , Epiphany which is , the celebration of the three kings visiting baby Jesus. Another dessert they prepare for this is called "La Galette des Rois" known as the King Cake. There would be a plastic toy inside the cake and who ever found it was able to be King or Queen and where the golden crown for the day. Also Religion impacts what you can and cannot eat. During lent Catholics do not eat any meat on Friday's and can only eat fish. Muslims do not eat Pork only if it is prepared in a certain way. Lastly, on Fete de Chandeluer which is , when Jesus was at his temples many French eat crepes during this time.
Resources
Coq au Vin from Leite's Culinaria. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2015, from http://leitesculinaria.com/5399/recipes-julia-child-coq-au-vin.html
Cooking the Classics: Coq au Vin Recipe and History. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2015, from https://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/coq-au-vin-recipe-history/
Traditional French Foods. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://french.lovetoknow.com/Traditional_French_Foods
History of French Cuisine. (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://french.lovetoknow.com/french-culture/history-french-cuisine
EASY FRENCH FOODall of the Elegance...none of the Fuss! (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.easy-french-food.com/famous-french-food.html
ClassicFrenchmen. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://classicfrenchman.blogspot.com/2012/03/religious-influences-on-french-food.html
Food in Every Country. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://www.foodbycountry.com/Algeria-to-France/France.html
Coq au Vin from Leite's Culinaria. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2015, from http://leitesculinaria.com/5399/recipes-julia-child-coq-au-vin.html
Cooking the Classics: Coq au Vin Recipe and History. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2015, from https://www.finedininglovers.com/stories/coq-au-vin-recipe-history/
Traditional French Foods. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://french.lovetoknow.com/Traditional_French_Foods
History of French Cuisine. (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://french.lovetoknow.com/french-culture/history-french-cuisine
EASY FRENCH FOODall of the Elegance...none of the Fuss! (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.easy-french-food.com/famous-french-food.html
ClassicFrenchmen. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://classicfrenchman.blogspot.com/2012/03/religious-influences-on-french-food.html
Food in Every Country. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://www.foodbycountry.com/Algeria-to-France/France.html